Predição do Consumo de Oxigênio de Pico em Pacientes Cardiopatas com Base no Desempenho no Teste Timed Up and Go / Prediction of Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Heart Disease Based on Performance on the Timed Up and Go Test

Resumo Fundamento A utilização do teste timed up and go (TUG) na avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em cardiopatas não está bem definida na literatura. Objetivos Testar a associação entre o TUG e o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico), construir uma equação com base no TUG para prever o VO2pico e determinar um ponto de corte para estimar um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1. Métodos Estudo transversal com 201 indivíduos portadores de doença arterial coronariana ou insuficiência cardíaca, com idade entre 36 e 92 anos, submetidos ao TUG e ao teste cardiopulmonar de exercício. Foram realizadas análises de correlação, curva ROC, regressão linear múltipla e Bland-Altman. Um p < 0,05 foi adotado como significante. Resultados A média de idade da amostra total foi 67 ± 13 anos, e 70% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino. A média de VO2pico foi de 17 ± 6 mL.kg−1.min−1 e a média de desempenho no TUG foi de 7 ± 2,5 segundos. A correlação entre o VO2pico e o TUG foi r = −0,54 (p < 0,001) e R2 de 0,30. Foi desenvolvida a equação com base no TUG: V O 2 pico = 33 , 553 + ( − 0 , 149 ∗ idade ) + ( − 0 , 738 ∗ T U G ) + ( − 2 , 870 ∗ sexo ); sendo atribuído o valor 0 ao sexo masculino e 1 ao sexo feminino (R ajustado: 0,41; R2 ajustado: 0,40). O VO2pico estimado pela equação foi 18,81 ± 3,2 mL.kg−1.min−1 e o determinado pelo teste cardiopulmonar de exercício foi 18,18 ± 5,9 mL.kg−1.min−1 (p > 0,05). O melhor ponto de corte para o VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1 foi de ≤ 5,47 segundos (área sob a curva: 0,80; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,74 a 0,86). Conclusões O TUG e o VO2pico apresentaram associação significativa. A equação preditiva do VO2pico foi desenvolvida e validada internamente com bom desempenho. O ponto de corte no TUG para prever um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1 foi ≤ 5,47 segundos.

Abstract Background The use of the timed up and go (TUG) test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart disease has not been well defined in the literature. Objectives Test the association between TUG and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), construct an equation based on TUG to predict VO2peak, and determine a cutoff point to estimate VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min. Methods This cross-sectional study included 201 patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure, between 36 and 92 years of age, who underwent TUG and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Correlation, ROC curve, multiple linear regression, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the total sample was 67 ± 13 years, and 70% of participants were male. The mean VO2peak was 17 ± 6 mL/kg/min, and the mean TUG time was 7 ± 2.5 seconds. The correlation between VO2peak and TUG was r = −0.54 (p < 0.001), and R2 was 0.30. The following equation was developed based on TUG: V O 2 peak = 33.553 + ( − 0.149 × age ) + ( − 0.738 × TUG ) + ( − 2.870 × sex ); a value of 0 was assigned to the male sex and 1 to the female sex (adjusted R: 0.41; adjusted R2: 0.40). The VO2peak estimated by the equation was 18.81 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min, and the VO2peak determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test was 18.18 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min (p > 0.05). The best cutoff point in the TUG for VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds (area under the curve: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 0.86). Conclusions TUG and VO2peak showed a significant association. A prediction equation for VO2peak was developed and validated internally with good performance. The cutoff point in the TUG to predict VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds.

Prediction of Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Heart Disease Based on Performance on the Timed Up and Go Test. / Predição do Consumo de Oxigênio de Pico em Pacientes Cardiopatas com Base no Desempenho no Teste Timed Up and Go.

BACKGROUND: Central Illustration : Prediction of Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients with Heart Disease Based on Performance on the Timed Up and Go Test CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test; TUG: timed up and go test; VO2peak: peak oxygen consumption. BACKGROUND: The use of the timed up and go (TUG) test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart disease has not been well defined in the literature. OBJECTIVES: Test the association between TUG and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), construct an equation based on TUG to predict VO2peak, and determine a cutoff point to estimate VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 201 patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure, between 36 and 92 years of age, who underwent TUG and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Correlation, ROC curve, multiple linear regression, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the total sample was 67 ± 13 years, and 70% of participants were male. The mean VO2peak was 17 ± 6 mL/kg/min, and the mean TUG time was 7 ± 2.5 seconds. The correlation between VO2peak and TUG was r = -0.54 (p < 0.001), and R2 was 0.30. The following equation was developed based on TUG: V O 2 peak = 33.553 + ( - 0.149 × age ) + ( - 0.738 × TUG ) + ( - 2.870 × sex ) ; a value of 0 was assigned to the male sex and 1 to the female sex (adjusted R: 0.41; adjusted R2: 0.40). The VO2peak estimated by the equation was 18.81 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min, and the VO2peak determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test was 18.18 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min (p > 0.05). The best cutoff point in the TUG for VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds (area under the curve: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: TUG and VO2peak showed a significant association. A prediction equation for VO2peak was developed and validated internally with good performance. The cutoff point in the TUG to predict VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds.

Manipulação e fabricação de dados em pesquisa científica: as consequências são tão simples como pensamos? / Data manipulation and fabrication in scientific research: are the consequences as simple as we think?

A má conduta científica vem sendo observada ao longo da história da ciência, entretanto, nas últimas décadas teve um crescimento exponencial, e um exemplo disso foi a época da pandemia da COVID-19. Ficamos a refletir sobre o potencial impacto que uma evidência frágil pode gerar a partir de um convencimento de uma prática ou tomada de decisão profissional. Isso pode ocorrer devido a falhas no sistema educacional, na formação de pesquisadores e até mesmo a desvios morais e éticos.

Scientific misconduct has been observed throughout the history of science. However, it has grown exponentially in recent decades, an example of which was the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reflect on the potential impact of weak evidence from a convincing practice or professional decision-making. This situation can occur due to educational system failures, training of researchers, and even moral and ethical deviations.

Anthropometric Measures for the Prognosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obese.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify, among the different anthropometric indicators, the one that shows higher discriminatory power for the prognosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study PARTICIPANTS: Obese individuals elective to bariatric surgery METHODS: A study based on data of 758 patients aged ≥ 21 years old, of both sexes, in the pre-operatory stage of the surgical procedure of gastric bypass. Obstructive sleep apnea and obstructive sleep hypopnea were evaluated and classified through the apnea-hypopnea index, which was obtained through the examination of polysomnography. Variables were divided into two groups: individuals with and without OSAS. As predictors, measures of body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), and waist circumference (WC) were used. RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve was used to check the sensitivity and specificity. All evaluated anthropometric indicators showed statistical significance. WC: area of 0.62 (CI 95%: 0.58 - 0.67), NC: area of 0,68 (CI 95%: 0.64 - 0.72) and BMI: area of 0.58 (CI 95%: 0.54 - 0.63). CONCLUSION: The investigated anthropometric indicators performed as good predictors of OSAS. However, NC seems to be the best anthropometric indicator for the prognosis of OSAS in obese individuals when compared to BMI and WC.

Efeito do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto no consumo máximo de oxigênio e potência máxima em corredores e ciclistas: revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effect of remote ischemic pre-conditioning on maximum oxygen consumption and maximum power in runners and cyclists: systematic review and metanalysis

INTRODUÇÃO: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto (PCIR) é uma intervenção cardioprotetora não invasiva que atenua a lesão celular sofrida por uma isquemia prolongada. Seus efeitos de proteção sobre o coração, quando aplicado ao esporte, pode melhorar o desempenho do exercício. OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e potência máxima (Wmáx) em corredores e ciclistas. METODOLOGIA: Revisão sistemática e metanálise, com ensaios clínicos randomizados. Baseado no PRISMA e avaliado pelo repositório de projetos de revisões sistemática PROSPERO; entretanto, não obteve o registro por se tratar de um desfecho de performance esportiva. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Periódicos CAPES. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: leitura do título e resumo, e leitura completa dos artigos. A extração dos dados foi realizada pela transcrição das informações. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela escala risco de viés através da ferramenta Cochrane. Excluíram-se estudos que investigaram variáveis diferentes dos desfechos selecionados para esta revisão. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos oito ensaios clínicos. Verificou-se que nos itens geração de sequência aleatória, ocultação de alocação e cegamento de avaliadores de desfecho em quase todos os estudos tiveram alto risco de viés. Os resultados da metanálise não mostraram diferenças significativas no VO2máx e Wmáx. CONCLUSÃO: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto não se mostrou eficaz para aumentar o VO2máx e a Wmáx em corredores e ciclistas.

INTRODUCTION: Remote ischemic preconditioning (PIRC) is a non-invasive cardioprotective intervention that attenuates cell damage suffered by prolonged ischemia. Its protective effects on the heart, when applied to sport, can improve exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum power (Wmax) in runners and cyclists. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review and metaanalysis, with randomized clinical trials. Based on PRISMA and evaluated by the PROSPERO systematic review project repository; however, it did not obtain registration because it is an outcome of sports performance. The searches were carried out in the Medline / PubMed, SciELO, Capes Periodicals databases. The selection of studies was carried out in two stages: reading the title and summary and reading the articles in full. Data extraction was performed by transcribing the information. Methodological quality was assessed by the risk of bias scale using the Cochrane tool. Studies that investigated variables other than the outcomes selected for this review were excluded. RESULTS: Eight clinical trials were included. In the generation of the item of random sequence, concealment of allocation and blinding of outcome evaluators in almost all studies had a high risk of bias. The analysis of the risk of bias was high risk. The results of the meta-analysis did not show significant differences in VO2max and Wmax. CONCLUSION: Remote ischemic preconditioning was not effective in increasing VO2max and Wmax in runners and cyclists.

Acute Blood Pressure Response to Different Resistance Programs in Trained Men

Abstract Background Resistance training is used in different exercise programs, with different objectives and different levels of physical fitness. Training-related variables, such as volume, rest time and intensity, can affect the response of blood pressure (BP), but studies on the effect of these variables on BP are still needed. Objective To evaluate the acute response of BP in trained individuals undergoing two different methods of resistance training. Methods The sample was divided into three groups: (1) the German volume training (GVT) (n= 15), which consisted of 10 series of 10 repetitions at 50% of 1-repetition maximum (RM) with intervals of 30 seconds; (2) the sarcoplasm stimulating training (SST) (n= 16), performed at 8 RM and 85% of 1-RM and interval of 10 seconds until failure, followed by removal of 20% of weight and repetition of the whole series (total of three sets), and the control group (CG) (n= 15) who underwent BP measurements only. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for analysis of variations, and a p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the within-group analysis, a significant lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found at 10 minutes (125.4±10.8 mmHg, p= 0.045) and 20 minutes (124.5±8.5 mmHg, p= 0.044) post-training compared with immediately after training. In the between-group comparison, higher SBP values were observed immediately after training in the SST group (142.1±28.2, p= 0.048) compared with the CG. Conclusion High-volume and high-intensity resistance training programs did not cause abnormal changes in blood pressure. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Efeito do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto no consumo máximo de oxigênio e potência máxima em corredores e ciclistas: revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effect of remote ischemic pre-conditioning on maximum oxygen consumption and maximum power in runners and cyclists: systematic review and metanalysis

INTRODUÇÃO: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto (PCIR) é uma intervenção cardioprotetora não invasiva que atenua a lesão celular sofrida por uma isquemia prolongada. Seus efeitos de proteção sobre o coração, quando aplicado ao esporte, pode melhorar o desempenho do exercício. OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito do pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) e potência máxima (Wmáx) em corredores e ciclistas. METODOLOGIA: Revisão sistemática e metanálise, com ensaios clínicos randomizados. Baseado no PRISMA e avaliado pelo repositório de projetos de revisões sistemática PROSPERO; entretanto, não obteve o registro por se tratar de um desfecho de performance esportiva. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Periódicos CAPES. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: leitura do título e resumo, e leitura completa dos artigos. A extração dos dados foi realizada pela transcrição das informações. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela escala risco de viés através da ferramenta Cochrane. Excluíram-se estudos que investigaram variáveis diferentes dos desfechos selecionados para esta revisão. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos oito ensaios clínicos. Verificou-se que nos itens geração de sequência aleatória, ocultação de alocação e cegamento de avaliadores de desfecho em quase todos os estudos tiveram alto risco de viés. Os resultados da metanálise revelou VO2máx (p < 0,01), o PCIR mostrou ser eficaz; Wmáx não houve diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto pode ser capaz de aumentar o VO2máx em corredores e ciclistas. A Wmáx demonstra não ser influenciada pelo PCIR.

INTRODUCTION: Remote ischemic preconditioning (PIRC) is a non-invasive cardioprotective intervention that attenuates cell damage suffered by prolonged ischemia. Its protective effects on the heart, when applied to sport, can improve exercise performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum power (Wmax) in runners and cyclists. METHODOLOGY: Systematic review and metaanalysis, with randomized clinical trials. Based on PRISMA and evaluated by the PROSPERO systematic review project repository; however, it did not obtain registration because it is an outcome of sports performance. The searches were carried out in the Medline / PubMed, SciELO, Capes Periodicals databases. The selection of studies was carried out in two stages: reading the title and summary and reading the articles in full. Data extraction was performed by transcribing the information. Methodological quality was assessed by the risk of bias scale using the Cochrane tool. Studies that investigated variables other than the outcomes selected for this review were excluded. RESULTS: Eight clinical trials were included. In the generation of the item of random sequence, concealment of allocation and blinding of outcome evaluators in almost all studies had a high risk of bias. The analysis of the risk of bias was high risk. The meta-analysis results revealed VO2max (p <0.01), the PCIR proved to be effective; Wmax there was no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Remote ischemic preconditioning may be able to increase VO2max in runners and cyclists. Wmax demonstrates that the PCIR does not influence it.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on two different performance indicators in sports: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Sodium bicarbonate shows ergogenic potential in physical exercise and sports activities, although there is no strong evidence which performance markers show the greatest benefit from this supplement. This study evaluated the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on time trial performance and time to exhaustion in athletes and sports practitioners. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using three databases, including 17 clinical trials. Among these clinical trials, 11 were considered eligible for the meta-analysis according to the criteria for the assessment of methodological quality using the PEDro Scale. Time to exhaustion was assessed in six studies, while time trial performance was evaluated in five studies. RESULTS: A significant beneficial effect of supplementation on time to exhaustion was found in a random effects model (1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 2.48). There was no significant effect of supplementation on time trial performance in a fixed effects model (slope = -0.75; 95% CI, -2.04 to 0.55) relative to a placebo group. CONCLUSION: Sodium bicarbonate has the potential to improve sports performance in general, especially in terms of time to exhaustion.

Amount of physical activity necessary for a normal level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in ELSA-Brasil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that physical activity levels can be inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. However, the amount of physical activity required to maintain normal hs-CRP levels is still a matter for speculation. OBJECTIVE: To identify the amount of physical activity necessary to discriminate the hs-CRP levels in adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at six teaching and research institutions. METHODS: The study sample comprised 10,231 adults aged 35 to 74 years who were participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the amount of physical activity in two domains (leisure time and commuting) with hs-CRP levels. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to identify the best cutoff for physical activity level that would be needed to maintain normal levels of hs-CRP (< 3 mg/l). RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve was only statistically significant for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP according to the amount of physical activity when the two study domains were added together. The accumulated physical activity level of 200 minutes/week was the best cutoff for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP in adults of both sex. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity in the leisure-time and commuting domains together, of duration 200 minutes/week, was associated with normal hs-CRP values.

Amount of physical activity necessary for a normal level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in ELSA-Brasil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that physical activity levels can be inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. However, the amount of physical activity required to maintain normal hs-CRP levels is still a matter for speculation. OBJECTIVE: To identify the amount of physical activity necessary to discriminate the hs-CRP levels in adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at six teaching and research institutions. METHODS: The study sample comprised 10,231 adults aged 35 to 74 years who were participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the amount of physical activity in two domains (leisure time and commuting) with hs-CRP levels. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to identify the best cutoff for physical activity level that would be needed to maintain normal levels of hs-CRP (< 3 mg/l). RESULTS: The area under the ROC curve was only statistically significant for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP according to the amount of physical activity when the two study domains were added together. The accumulated physical activity level of 200 minutes/week was the best cutoff for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP in adults of both sex. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity in the leisure-time and commuting domains together, of duration 200 minutes/week, was associated with normal hs-CRP values.

Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Parameters in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review

Negative changes in cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors have encouraged the global scientific community to focus on investigating therapeutic strategies to mitigate stroke damage. The objective of the present study was to describe the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors. We used the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model for the search of articles in PubMed and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases from 2009 to December 2018. The following data were also recorded: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age) and benefits of exercise training. A total of 544 articles were initially selected, of which nine peer-reviewed articles met the search criteria. These nine studies enrolled 611 participants (middle-aged or elderly), and pointed to positive effects of training on maximal oxygen uptake, peak aerobic capacity, 6-minute walk test and resting heart rate. However, more well-controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in this population

What Factors Explain Bicycling and Walking for Commuting by ELSA-Brasil Participants?

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors associated with commuting by bicycling and walking in adult participants from ELSA-Brasil (Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Six teaching/research institutions throughout Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 15 105 civil servants. MEASURES: Commuting by bicycling and walking was analyzed using the long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. ANALYSIS: A hierarchical model containing possible factors associated with commuting by bicycling and walking was constructed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Considering the 2 forms of commuting, 66% of the participants were being considered inactive or insufficiently active. In women, being "heavier," feeling unsafe practicing physical activity, and being a former smoker were factors negatively associated with commuting by bicycling and walking. In men, active commuting was less common among those who were overweight or had abdominal obesity, those with a negative perception of safety, and those reporting that there was nowhere suitable in the neighborhood to practice physical activity. CONCLUSION: Obesity and negative perceptions in the neighborhood are associated with inactive or insufficiently active commuting. The relevance of this finding for public health is reinforce developing policies aimed at promoting health in Brazil and in other countries with similar characteristics.

Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants' physical activity. DESIGN AND SETTING:: Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. METHODS:: Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. RESULTS:: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women). The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income), environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity) and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image). The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years). Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS:: The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

Physical activity in Brazil: lessons from ELSA-Brasil. Narrative review / Atividade física no Brasil: lições do ELSA-Brasil. Revisão narrativa

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) was conducted among civil servants at six higher education institutions located in six Brazilian state capitals. The objective of this review was to identify the publications produced within the scope of ELSA-Brasil that analyzed the participants' physical activity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review study using baseline data from ELSA-Brasil. METHODS: Narrative review of Brazilian studies on physical activity produced using data from ELSA-Brasil participants. RESULTS: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among ELSA-Brasil participants was low (44.1% among men and 33.8% among women). The main factors associated were social (higher schooling and family income), environmental (living in places with conditions and opportunities for physical activity) and individual (not being obese, being retired, not smoking and positive perception of body image). The perception of facilities for walking in the neighborhood was positively associated with both LTPA and commuting-related physical activity. An active lifestyle was a protective factor against several cardiometa-bolic variables (hypertension, diabetes, lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk over the next 10 years). Comparison between LTPA and commuting-related physical activity showed that only LTPA had a protective effect against arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of physical activity among ELSA-Brasil participants was low. The main determinants were social, environmental and personal. LTPA had a greater protective efect on cardio-metabolic outcomes than did commuting-related physical activity.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo longitudinal com servidores públicos de seis instituições de nível superior localizadas em seis capitais brasileiras. O objetivo desta revisão foi identifcar as publicações realizadas no âmbito do ELSA-Brasil que tenham analisado a atividade física dos participantes. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de revisão com dados da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil. MÉTODOS: Revisão narrativa dos estudos sobre atividade física no Brasil produzidos com dados de participantes do ELSA-Brasil. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da atividade física no tempo livre (AFTL) em participantes do ELSA-Brasil foi baixa, (44,1% em homens e 33,8% em mulheres). Os principais fatores associados foram de ordem social (maior escolaridade e renda familiar), ambiental (viver em locais com condições e oportunidades para prática de atividade física) e individual (não ser obeso, ser aposentado/a, não ser tabagista, e ter percepção positiva da imagem corporal). A percepção de facilidades para caminhar na vizinhança foi positivamente associada tanto a AFTL quanto a atividade física no deslocamento (AFD). O estilo de vida ativo fsicamente foi fator de proteção para diversas variáveis cardiometabólicas (hipertensão arterial, diabetes, alterações lipídicas e risco cardiovascular nos próximos 10 anos). Após comparação entre AFTL e AFD, observou-se que apenas a AFTL apresenta efeito protetor para hipertensão arterial. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da atividade física em participantes do ELSA-Brasil foi baixa, os principais determinantes foram de ordem social, ambiental e pessoal. A AFTL apresentou maior efeito de proteção para desfechos cardiometabólicos do que a AFD.

Padrões de atividade física e proteína c reativa no estudo longitudinal de saúde do adulto (Elsa-Brasil) / Patterns of physical activity and C-reactive protein inbrazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil)

Introdução: A proteína C reativa (PCR) é um biomarcador conhecido da inflamação sistêmica e está associado à predição de doenças cardiovasculares. A atividade física regular tem muitos benefícios, uma vez que reduz o risco do desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas, incluindo as doenças cardiovasculares. Alguns estudos tem mostrado que a atividade física pode estar inversamente associada aos níveis de PCR, entretanto, ainda não se tem um consenso sobre a quantidade de atividade física necessária para manter os níveis de PCR normais. Objetivo: identificar o poder discriminatório e a quantidade de atividade física necessária para discriminar níveis de PCR em adultos. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra de 14.250 adultos de 35 a 74 anos de idade, participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto. Foram construídas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) para identificar o poder preditivo e os pontos de corte da quantidade de atividade física em dois domínios (tempo livre e deslocamento) e níveis de PCR...

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a known biomarker of systemic inflammation and is associated with the prediction of cardiovascular disease. Regular physical activity has many benefits, as it reduces the risk of developing several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown that physical activity may be inversely associated with levels of CRP, however, there isn’t still consensus on the amount of physical activity required to maintain levels of CRP normal. Purpose: Identify the discriminatory power and amount of physical activity required to discriminate levels of CRP in adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 14.250 adults age 35 to 74 years, participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to identify the predictive power and the cutoff of physical activity in two domains (leisure time and displacement) and levels of CRP...

Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a força muscular e a autopercepção de saúde em idosas / Effects of resistance training on muscle strength and the self-perception of health in elderly women

INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento de força tem sido eficiente em idosas, mas sua relação com a autopercepção de saúde ainda não está clara na literatura. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento com pesos sobre a força muscular e a autopercepção de saúde em idosas na cidade de Jequié-BA. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi composta por 17 idosas com idade média de 68,76±5,95 anos. A força muscular foi avaliada pelo teste de estimativa de uma repetição máxima (1RM); o treinamento foi realizado em duas sessões semanais, compostas de duas séries de 10 RM para cada um dos exercícios, com intensidade variando de 50% a 70% de 1RM e duração de oito semanas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, do teste t de Student pareado e do teste Qui-quadrado não-paramétrico, com nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A força muscular aumentou significativamente (p<0,05), houve também aumento na proporção de idosas que relataram autopercepção de saúde positiva, mas não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa após o treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que o método de treinamento de força aplicado promoveu respostas significativas no aumento da força muscular e mudanças positivas na autopercepção de saúde referida pelas idosas.

INTRODUCTION: The strength training has been efficient in elderly women, however its relationship with the self-perception of health is not yet clear in the literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effects of a training program with weights on muscle strength and the self-perception of health in elderly women in the city of Jequié-BA. METHODOLOGY: The sample was composed of 17 elderly women with a mean age of 68.76±5.95 years. The muscle strength was evaluated by the estimating test of maximum repetition (1MR). The training was performed in two weekly sessions, composed of two sets of 10 MR for each exercise, with intensity ranging from 50% to 70% of 1MR and duration of eight weeks. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired Student t-test and Chi-square non-parametric test with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: The muscle strength increased significantly (p <0.05), there was also an increase in the proportion of elderly women people who reported positive self-perception of health, however there was no statistically significant difference after the training. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the strength training method promoted significant answers on the increase in muscle strength and positive changes on self-perception of health in elderly women.